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一带一路 · 法律服务

一带一路法律服务中心

Belt and Road Legal Service Center

帮中国企业在中亚、西亚完成从国别法律查明、投资准入到落地运营与争议解决的全流程布局，让出海少踩坑、走得稳。

We help Chinese enterprises going to Central and West Asia complete the full journey from country legal review and market access to local operations and dispute resolution, so the expansion is steady and well-protected.

覆盖中亚五国 · 西亚重点国Central Asia 5 · Key West Asia states 国别查明 × 实务落地Legal research × On-ground execution 依托航泰 × 张望平教研室Powered by Hangtai × Prof. Zhang's Office
教研室级合作起步 · 法律查明 × 实务落地 START WITH A TEACHING OFFICE · INQUIRY MEETS PRACTICE

航泰 × 张望平（西北政法大学国际法学院国际私法教研室主任）：法律查明，做深做透

Hangtai × Prof. Zhang Wangping (Director, International Private Law Teaching Office, NWUPL School of International Law)

张望平副教授主持“中亚地区能源投资非稳定性法律对策研究”等课题，并代表学校在中国—中亚法律查明与研究中心（已建成覆盖中亚国家的境外分中心网络、自主建设中亚法律专题数据库）开展域外法查明工作，参与最高人民法院域外法智能化平台建设。航泰与其团队对接，把“法律查明”这一出海最痛点做深做透——从法律查明到业务落地，在同一链条内闭环。

Prof. Zhang Wangping (Associate Professor) leads the “Legal Countermeasures for Instability in Central Asian Energy Investment” and other projects, and represents the university at the China–Central Asia Legal Inquiry Center (with an overseas branch network across Central Asia and a self-built Central Asian legal database), conducting foreign-law inquiry and contributing to the Supreme People’s Court’s foreign-law intelligent platform. Hangtai works with his team to take “legal inquiry” — the hardest pain point of going abroad — deep and thorough, closing the loop from legal inquiry to on-ground execution within one chain.

中国—中亚法律查明中心覆盖中亚的境外分中心网络 + 中亚法律专题数据库China–Central Asia Legal Inquiry Center: branch network + legal DB
中亚能源投资专长主持“中亚地区能源投资非稳定性法律对策研究”课题Led Central Asia energy-investment legal-countermeasure project
域外法查明 + 争议解决国际私法、国际商事仲裁、一带一路投资争端机制Private international law, arbitration, BRI dispute mechanism
实务落地能力航泰负责方案设计、合规与中方侧全流程Hangtai owns planning, compliance, China-side execution
四语直通 · 中俄英日 FOUR LANGUAGES · ZH · RU · EN · JA

能用俄语直接对接中亚与俄语区

Direct Russian-language access to Central Asia and the Russophone belt

中亚国家多为俄语通用区（哈萨克斯坦宪法规定俄语为国家机构间通用语），当地法律原文、政府公文与商业往来大量使用俄语。航泰一带一路法律服务中心提供 中文 · 俄语 · 英语 · 日语 四语服务，可直接阅读俄文法律原文、与当地主管机关及律所用俄语沟通，不依赖二手英文转译，查明更快、对接更准。

Most Central Asian states use Russian as a common language (Kazakhstan's constitution sets Russian as the inter-state official language); local statutes, government papers and business run in Russian. Hangtai's Belt and Road center serves in Chinese, Russian, English and Japanese, reading Russian-language statutes directly and talking with local authorities and counsel in Russian — no second-hand translation, faster and more accurate.

俄语法律查明直读俄文/当地语法条与判例，不靠转译Read Russian/local statutes and case law directly
俄语区直连与中亚主管部门、律所、客户俄语无障碍对接Direct Russian links with authorities, counsel and clients
中俄双语交付合同、报告中俄对照，便于中方决策CN-RU bilingual deliverables for Chinese decisions
日语协同面向日企出海中亚，李权宏律师中日双语统筹JP ventures: Li Quanhong leads bilingually (JA-CN)

03您是否正面临这些情况Does this sound familiar

02适用对象Who this is for

04服务范围（模块化，可单独采购）Scope (modular, available standalone)

A

国别法律查明与尽调

Country legal review & due diligence

投资准入、外资股比、税收、劳动、土地与争议解决机制；依托西北政法中亚法律数据库与译著形成尽调底稿。

Market access, equity caps, tax, labour, land and dispute mechanisms, built on the Central Asian legal database and translations.

B

投资准入与 ODI 备案

Market access & ODI filing

境内境外双向准入路径比对、行业负面清单筛查、境外直接投资核准/备案材料统筹。

Home and host access paths, negative-list screening, and outbound direct investment approval or filing packages.

C

海外公司设立与架构

Entity setup & structure

主体选型、独资/合资设计、章程与合资协议、当地代理、银行开户与外汇登记。

Entity choice, wholly owned or JV design, articles and JV agreements, local agent, banking and FX registration.

D

跨境合规

Cross-border compliance

国际制裁与出口管制、反洗钱、数据跨境与本地化、反商业贿赂、劳工与签证合规。

Sanctions and export control, AML, data transfer and localisation, anti-bribery, labour and visa compliance.

E

国际争议解决

International dispute resolution

仲裁条款设计、新加坡/香港/ICC 等中立仲裁、跨境诉讼、一带一路国际商事调解。

Arbitration clause design, neutral seats such as Singapore, Hong Kong or ICC, cross-border litigation and Belt and Road commercial mediation.

F

工程与基础设施（EPC）

Engineering & infrastructure (EPC)

招投标合规、FIDIC 合同适配、保函敞口、业主/承包商风险分配、清关与税务。

Tender compliance, FIDIC adaptation, bond exposure, owner/contractor risk allocation, customs and tax.

05标准交付物清单Typical deliverables

国别法律环境速览Country legal snapshot投资准入 / 税收 / 劳动 / 争议解决四模块Access, tax, labour and dispute resolution modules
投资架构与准入建议书Structure & access memo含股比、路径与双边协定保护分析Equity, route and treaty protection analysis
ODI 备案材料包ODI filing package按主管部门口径整理，含清单与说明Organised per authority, with checklist and notes
合资 / 公司章程（对照）JV / articles (bilingual)中英 / 中俄对照，含治理与分配条款CN-EN / CN-RU, with governance and allocation clauses
跨境合规风险清单Compliance risk list制裁筛查、数据、反贿赂、劳工要点Sanctions screening, data, anti-bribery, labour
争议解决预案Dispute playbook仲裁地、保全与证据固定路径Seat, preservation and evidence plan

下载《中亚投资准入与合规速览》

Download the Central Asia Market Access & Compliance Brief

含五国准入要点、常见合规红线、争议解决路径。填写邮箱即可获取（仅用于发送本资料，不作他用）。

Access points for five countries, common compliance red lines and dispute paths. Enter your email to receive it (used only to send this brief).

06流程与时间轴Process & timeline

STEP 1

国别评估

Country assessment

约 5 天 ｜ 明确目标国、行业与准入边界

~5 days ｜ target country, sector and access boundary

STEP 2

准入与架构方案

Access & structure plan

约 7–10 天 ｜ 股比、路径与双边协定保护

~7–10 days ｜ equity, route and treaty protection

STEP 3

落地设立 / 备案

Setup / filing

依东道国，约 2–6 周 ｜ 设立、开户、ODI 备案

~2–6 weeks host-side ｜ setup, banking, ODI filing

STEP 4

合规与争议机制

Compliance & disputes

持续 ｜ 合规体系搭建、争议预案与演练

ongoing ｜ compliance system, dispute playbook

※ 以上为通常情形，实际周期以东道国受理进度与材料齐备度为准，不构成时间承诺。

※ Above are typical cases; actual timing depends on the host authority and document readiness and is not a commitment.

07费用与计费方式Fees & billing

套餐
Package
按国别与模块（A–F）组合报价，可单模块采购 —— 【价格区间待李律师确认后再上线】
Quoted by country and module (A–F), available standalone —— 【price range pending partner confirmation】
计费方式
Billing
签约后一次性报价；超出约定范围的追加事项，事前书面确认后另行计费。
Fixed quote after engagement; out-of-scope items billed after written confirmation.
不含
Excluded
东道国政府规费、公证认证费、翻译费、当地律师费与第三方费用（实报实销）。
Host government fees, notarisation, translation, local counsel and third-party costs (reimbursed).

律师服务费不涉及结果承诺，不采用风险代理方式计收。

Fees do not promise outcomes and are not charged on a contingency basis.

08承办律师Lead counsel

李

李权宏　主任律师

Li Quanhong　Managing Partner

2004 年起执业，曾任日资制造集团中国区法务负责人、日资金融机构法务部门负责人；中日双语，可日文直接出具文书与出席谈判，并统筹一带一路法律服务中心的跨境业务。

Practising since 2004; former head of legal at a Japanese manufacturing group and a Japanese financial institution. Bilingual in Chinese and Japanese, leading the center's cross-border practice.

09常见问题FAQ

以下内容为一般性法律信息，不构成针对具体情形的法律意见，也不因阅读本页面而成立委托关系。个案请以书面意见为准。 This is general legal information and not legal advice for a specific matter; no engagement arises from reading this page. Specific cases require a written opinion.
去中亚国家投资，外资准入和股比有什么限制Are there foreign investment restrictions and equity caps in Central Asia
各国口径不同，且随改革频繁调整，不能一概而论。判断顺序是：先查东道国对外资的行业准入清单（多为负面清单或特许目录），再比对是否涉及战略行业（能源、媒体、金融、土地等）的股比或本地合伙人要求，最后结合双边投资协定看保护水平。建议以最新官方清单与当地执业律师意见为准，避免沿用旧资料。
参考：东道国投资法、外资准入管理措施、双边投资协定
这条对您有用吗？
Rules differ by country and change often, so no single answer applies. Check the host country's negative list or concession catalogue first, then see whether strategic sectors such as energy, media, finance or land carry equity or local-partner requirements, and finally review the bilateral investment treaty for protection levels. Always rely on the latest official list and local counsel.
See: host investment law, market access measures, bilateral investment treaty
Helpful?
在当地设子公司还是合资公司，应该怎么选Should we set up a subsidiary or a joint venture locally
取决于您是否需要掌握控制权与是否依赖本地资源。独资子公司决策快、利润与退出不受约束，但需自行搭建团队与政商渠道；合资可利用本地合伙人的许可、渠道与政府关系，但治理与利益分配需提前写清。若业务涉及准入限制或强本地属性，合资往往是更稳的起步。
参考：东道国公司法、外商投资法
这条对您有用吗？
It depends on whether you need control and local resources. A wholly owned subsidiary gives faster decisions and unrestricted exit, but you build the team and government channels yourself. A joint venture leverages a local partner's licence, channel and relations, but governance and profit sharing must be agreed in writing. Where access is restricted, a JV is often the safer start.
See: host company law, foreign investment law
Helpful?
中亚国家的合同适用哪国法律，争议去哪里解决Which law governs contracts in Central Asia and where are disputes resolved
通常由合同双方约定，未约定时按东道国冲突规范可能适用当地法。争议解决优先约定中立第三地仲裁（如新加坡、香港或国际商会仲裁），可规避当地司法不确定性与执行难；也可约定适用东道国法并在当地仲裁。关键是把适用法律、仲裁地与执行路径在签约前定清楚，事后补救成本极高。
参考：涉外民事关系法律适用法、仲裁相关规则
这条对您有用吗？
Parties usually choose the governing law; without a choice, local conflict rules may apply host-state law. Prefer a neutral third-country arbitration seat such as Singapore, Hong Kong or ICC to avoid local judicial uncertainty and enforcement difficulty. Fix the governing law, seat and enforcement path before signing, because later changes are costly.
See: law on applicable law to foreign-related civil relations, arbitration rules
Helpful?
跨境合规最容易被忽视的红线是什么What cross-border compliance red lines are most often missed
最易被忽视的是国际制裁与出口管制：向受制裁地区或实体供货、转口、提供技术，都可能触发域外管辖与处罚。其次是当地反商业贿赂与反洗钱要求，以及涉及双用途物项的许可。建议在签约前做制裁名单筛查与物项归类，把合规条款写进合同与内部流程。
参考：出口管制、反洗钱相关规范
这条对您有用吗？
The most missed is international sanctions and export control: supplying or transshipping to sanctioned regions or entities can trigger extraterritorial penalties. Next are local anti-bribery and AML rules and dual-use item licences. Screen against sanctions lists and classify items before signing, and put compliance clauses into the contract.
See: export control and AML rules
Helpful?
数据跨境和当地数据本地化要求怎么处理How do we handle data transfer and localisation requirements
部分中亚国家对关键数据有本地化存储要求，跨境传输需走安全评估或标准合同路径。应先识别哪些数据属于受监管范围，再做数据分类、本地化部署与出境合规设计，并与当地网络安全规范对齐。具体阈值与流程以业务落地国的最新规定为准。
参考：数据安全、个人信息保护相关规范
这条对您有用吗？
Some Central Asian states require local storage of critical data and gate cross-border transfer on a security assessment or standard contract. First identify which data is regulated, then classify data, design localisation and outbound compliance, and align with local cyber rules. Thresholds and procedures follow the host country's latest rules.
See: data security and personal information protection rules
Helpful?
境外直接投资（ODI）备案要做什么What is required for outbound direct investment filing
境内企业赴境外投资，通常需在发改、商务与外汇管理部门办理核准或备案，取得相应证书后方可合规汇出资金。路径与材料取决于投资行业、金额与是否涉及敏感国家或行业。建议在项目启动阶段就同步设计，避免资金出境受阻。
参考：境外投资相关核准备案管理规范
这条对您有用吗？
A Chinese investor going abroad typically needs approval or filing with the development, commerce and foreign-exchange authorities before funds can be remitted compliantly. The path and documents depend on sector, amount and whether sensitive countries or industries are involved. Design this at project launch to avoid blocking the remittance.
See: outbound investment approval and filing rules
Helpful?
当地劳动用工有哪些常见风险What are common labour risks when hiring locally
常见风险包括：强制本地用工比例、外籍员工工作许可与签证配额、解雇的高额补偿与程序限制、工会与集体谈判、社保强制参保。劳动合同建议本地化起草并双语对照，把岗位、薪酬、保密与竞业限制写清，避免直接套用中国模板。
参考：东道国劳动法、外国人居留与就业管理规范
这条对您有用吗？
Common risks include mandatory local hiring ratios, work permits and visa quotas for expatriates, high severance and strict dismissal procedure, unions and collective bargaining, and mandatory social insurance. Draft the employment contract locally in a bilingual form and state role, pay, confidentiality and non-compete clearly; do not reuse a Chinese template.
See: host labour law, foreign resident and employment rules
Helpful?
在海外承包工程（EPC）常见风险有哪些What are common risks in overseas EPC contracts
常见风险集中在：招标合规、业主支付能力与保函（预付款保函、履约保函）敞口、不可抗力与汇率、设备材料进出口与清关、税务与转让定价、以及争议管辖。采用国际通用合同条件时仍须针对东道国法律做专项修改，把风险分配写进专用条款。
参考：招投标、建设工程、外汇与税务相关规范
这条对您有用吗？
Risks concentrate on tender compliance, employer payment capacity and guarantee exposure (advance payment and performance bonds), force majeure and currency, equipment import and customs, tax and transfer pricing, and jurisdiction. Even with standard international conditions, adapt the special clauses to host-state law and allocate risk in writing.
See: tender, construction, FX and tax rules
Helpful?
在当地被拖欠货款或对方违约，怎么救济If a local party defaults or fails to pay, how do we recover
先确认合同中的争议解决条款：约定了仲裁的，按仲裁地规则提起；约定当地诉讼的，评估执行可能。无论哪种路径，早期都应固定证据（合同、履约记录、往来函件、付款凭证），并考虑申请财产保全。事前在合同中设置担保、托管与加速到期条款，能显著降低事后救济难度。
参考：仲裁规则、民商事诉讼与保全相关规范
这条对您有用吗？
First check the dispute clause: if arbitration is agreed, file under that seat's rules; if local litigation, assess enforceability. In either case, preserve evidence early (contract, performance records, correspondence, payment proof) and consider asset preservation. Upfront guarantees, escrow and acceleration clauses in the contract sharply lower later difficulty.
See: arbitration rules, civil litigation and preservation rules
Helpful?
国别法律环境报告有什么用，怎么获取What is a country legal environment report and how to get it
国别报告把投资准入、公司设立、税收、劳动、土地、外汇与争议解决机制汇总成可决策底稿，是出海前的尽调起点，能帮您提前识别红线与成本。航泰依托与西北政法大学的合作研究中亚法律数据库与译著，可出具面向具体行业的国别速览；下载入口见本页下方，填写邮箱即可获取。
参考：以业务落地国最新官方清单与当地执业律师意见为准
这条对您有用吗？
A country report consolidates investment access, entity setup, tax, labour, land, FX and dispute mechanisms into a decision-ready brief and is the starting point of pre-entry due diligence. Drawing on cooperation with Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Hangtai can issue an industry-specific country snapshot; use the download box below and we will send it to your email.
Rely on the host country's latest official list and local counsel
Helpful?
航泰在当地有办公室吗，案件谁来落地Does Hangtai have a local office, and who executes the case
航泰负责整体方案设计与中方侧合规，东道国当地的设立、诉讼与准入手续，通过合作律所网络落地。我们与西北政法大学的中国—中亚法律查明与研究中心及中亚高校保持研究与实践协作，可为客户对接当地法律资源，但不自行宣称在东道国设有实体办公室。
参考：以实际合作律所网络与当地执业许可为准
这条对您有用吗？
Hangtai owns the overall design and China-side compliance; host-country setup, litigation and access formalities are executed through a network of cooperating law firms. We keep research and practice ties with NWUPL's China–Central Asia Legal Inquiry Center and Central Asian universities to connect clients with local resources, but we do not claim a local entity office in the host state.
Subject to the actual cooperation network and local licences
Helpful?
与张望平教研室（西北政法大学国际法学院）的合作对出海企业意味着什么What does the partnership with Prof. Zhang's teaching office (NWUPL) mean for outbound enterprises
意味着“法律查明”这个出海最痛点由专业团队兜底：国际私法教研室主任张望平带领的教研室团队，并深度参与中国—中亚法律查明与研究中心（覆盖中亚的境外分中心网络 + 中亚法律专题数据库），主持中亚能源投资法律对策课题、参与最高人民法院域外法智能化平台建设。航泰把查明成果转化为可落地的投资方案与争议策略，并佐以中心中俄英日四语服务打通当地对接。
参考：西北政法大学国际法学院、中国—中亚法律查明与研究中心公开研究成果
这条对您有用吗？
It means "legal inquiry" — the hardest pain point — is covered by a specialised team: Prof. Zhang, Director of the International Private Law Teaching Office, and his office team, deeply involved in the China–Central Asia Legal Inquiry Center (branch network + legal database), leading Central Asia energy-investment legal work and the SPC foreign-law platform. Hangtai turns inquiry results into actionable plans and dispute strategy, with four-language (ZH/RU/EN/JA) local access.
See: NWUPL School of International Law, China–Central Asia Legal Inquiry Center
Helpful?

没有找到您的问题？预约 30 分钟初步咨询

Not your question? Book a 30-minute initial consult

中英文均可。我们会先判断是否适合由本所承办，不适合时会明确告知并给出建议方向。

Chinese or English. We first assess fit; if not suitable, we tell you clearly and suggest a direction.

预约初步咨询 → Book a consult →

11经常配套的服务Often paired with

P-01　日企入华设立包外资准入、主体选型、中日双语对接Market entry, entity choice, bilingual support P-04　遗嘱与传承包财富传承、跨境继承规划Wealth inheritance, cross-border planning

12办公地址Office Addresses

商事部 Commercial Dept. 上海市虹口区四川北路88号办公楼9层3室（星荟中心 T2-903） 9F-3, 88 North Sichuan Rd, Hongkou, Shanghai (Xinghui Center T2-903) 家事部 Family Dept. 上海市普陀区常德路1211号宝华大厦601室 Rm 601, Baohua Building, 1211 Changde Rd, Putuo, Shanghai

※ 商事部自 2026 年 10 月 1 日起正式启用；此前来信请注明对接部门，由承办律师统筹安排。

※ The Commercial Dept. opens on 1 Oct 2026; before that, please note your department when contacting us.

12办公地址Office Addresses

商事部 Commercial Dept. 上海市虹口区四川北路88号办公楼9层3室（星荟中心 T2-903） 9F-3, 88 North Sichuan Rd, Hongkou, Shanghai (Xinghui Center T2-903) 家事部 Family Dept. 上海市普陀区常德路1211号宝华大厦601室 Rm 601, Baohua Building, 1211 Changde Rd, Putuo, Shanghai

※ 商事部自 2026 年 10 月 1 日起正式启用；此前来信请注明对接部门，由承办律师统筹安排。

※ The Commercial Dept. opens on 1 Oct 2026; before that, please note your department when contacting us.

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